PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.